Why does Pakistan maintain surface ships when it cannot match the Indian Navy ship for ship?
Short answerSurface combatants still provide escort, presence, air defense, and coastal security that submarines alone cannot supply.
NotesA submarine-only force can threaten an opponent, but it cannot perform every daily task required of a navy. Surface ships escort merchant traffic, show presence, support air-defense networks, and respond visibly to incidents short of war. They also complicate an opponent's planning by forcing attention to multiple layers rather than a single undersea threat. Pakistan's disadvantage in fleet size therefore changes how its ships are used, not whether surface capability has value.