Would Graf Zeppelin's Bf 109 fighters prevent Swordfish or Albacore torpedo attacks?
Short answerIn daylight they could, but British shadowing and night-strike doctrine could make the fighters largely irrelevant to the actual attack.
NotesGraf Zeppelin's Bf 109 fighters could be formidable against Swordfish in daylight, but the Royal Navy did not need to accept that engagement. Swordfish, Skua, Fulmar, or Albacore aircraft could shadow the force from long range or use cloud cover, then attack at night. Fighters that dominated a daylight comparison would contribute little if the torpedo strike arrived after dark. Germany was unlikely to field effective carrier fighter-control radar by 1941, so the air group's paper performance did not settle the operational question.