Q&A · 21:21-22:51

Royal Navy night attack could bypass Graf Zeppelin's fighters

Slow British strike aircraft need not meet Bf 109s in daylight: shadowing followed by a night attack exploits German deficiencies in carrier fighter direction.

Question

Would Graf Zeppelin's Bf 109 fighters prevent Swordfish or Albacore torpedo attacks?

Short answer

In daylight they could, but British shadowing and night-strike doctrine could make the fighters largely irrelevant to the actual attack.

Notes

Graf Zeppelin's Bf 109 fighters could be formidable against Swordfish in daylight, but the Royal Navy did not need to accept that engagement. Swordfish, Skua, Fulmar, or Albacore aircraft could shadow the force from long range or use cloud cover, then attack at night. Fighters that dominated a daylight comparison would contribute little if the torpedo strike arrived after dark. Germany was unlikely to field effective carrier fighter-control radar by 1941, so the air group's paper performance did not settle the operational question.