If Napoleon had never lived, would Europe have avoided the wars and atrocities associated with his rule?
Short answerNot necessarily. The Revolution and Europe's reaction created a structural opening that another leader could have filled, with better, worse, or similar results.
NotesThe counterfactual does not excuse Napoleon's decisions or deny responsibility for atrocities committed under his orders. Removing one individual would not remove the French Revolution, the struggle with Europe's monarchies, or the pool of ambitious generals created by the period. Another leader could have occupied the same political space and pursued a similar continental war. That replacement might have been less capable, more capable, better, or worse.