Are there modern equivalents to naval fortresses?
Short answerMobile anti-ship missiles, mines, and other sea-denial weapons can perform coastal-defence roles, with drones suggested as a source of targeting information.
NotesCoastal fortifications still have a role, although their equipment and form have changed. Mobile anti-ship missiles, mines, and other sea-denial weapons can defend a coast, as Ukraine's coastal defence illustrates. Britain's equipment gaps in May 2022 raise a separate question about whether the necessary weapons are actually available. Mobile launchers also need missiles and targeting information, with drones suggested as one way to provide it.