Q&A · 58:19-1:00:49

How much credit should Max Horton receive for Atlantic ASW?

A qualified assessment separates Horton's competent command from the institutional groundwork laid before his arrival.

Question

How effective was Max Horton as a leader and admiral?

Short answer

The assessment credits Horton with efficient command while giving his predecessor much of the credit for the Western Approaches system he inherited.

Notes

In this assessment, Horton was an efficient commander who inherited much of the Western Approaches system from his predecessor. Submarine experience alone did not guarantee a better understanding of anti-submarine warfare. One criticism concerns his initial rejection of the idea that U-boats surfaced inside convoys. The training and analysis organization established before his arrival is credited with correcting that view. This interpretation gives more weight to the system Horton inherited than to claims that he transformed it himself.