Lunar and Martian-orbit hubs divide the transport system

The proposed system begins by capturing key logistical points, much as Phoenician, Portuguese, British, and other maritime networks used important ports. A lunar colony becomes the first staging hub, supplied by a regular Earth-Moon circulation. Colonists and cargo then transfer to ships specialized for the Earth-Mars leg before using another shuttle between Martian orbit and the surface. Lower gravity and the absence of an Earth-like atmosphere may make lunar transfer operations easier. Dividing the journey prevents one all-purpose vehicle from carrying every capability and gives both ends of the route durable infrastructure.