Italian and Japanese warships in ocean waters

How would Italian and Japanese warships fare in the Atlantic and Pacific?

Both navies could operate there, but harsh ocean conditions would expose stability and seakeeping compromises in some designs.

Japanese ships would generally operate effectively in the mid-Atlantic, though lightly built designs could reveal stability problems in harsher northern or southern waters. Italian surface ships were optimized as Mediterranean thoroughbreds, so Littorio-class seakeeping limitations would become more visible in ocean service. Italian submarines nevertheless operated beyond the Mediterranean and demonstrated that the fleet could adapt. The panel stresses that the Regia Marina was a large, experienced, and professional Axis navy rather than an inherently incapable force.