What happens if every power's pre-dreadnoughts and dreadnoughts are replaced by 1980s Iowa-class battleships?
Short answerBritain retains a large numerical advantage, estimated at roughly ninety ships against about forty German ships, but nuclear Tomahawks make opposing ports vulnerable to a first strike.
NotesThe exchange assumes that every major power receives modernised Iowa-class ships. Its rough count gives Britain about ninety and Germany about forty, so Germany gains powerful ships without removing the British numerical advantage. British cruise-missile attacks could reach the German fleet in Wilhelmshaven even if it remained in port. Modern five-inch secondary batteries would make contemporary destroyers and lightly armed cruisers vulnerable, while Phalanx makes airships an especially lopsided target. Nuclear-tipped Tomahawks also threaten both sides' bases, and the Iowas have only close-in weapons for air defence. The proposed British advantage in that race is the likelihood of having a ship already at sea when the transformation occurs.