Holtzendorff’s warning for later German strategy

The episode closes by returning to Holtzendorff's opposition to war and to the Risk Fleet theory before explaining why he nevertheless pressed a submarine strategy once Germany was already committed. It suggests that interwar Germany learned too much from Tirpitzian prestige and too little from Holtzendorff's emphasis on industrial limits, maritime vulnerability, and achievable war aims. The lesson is to match a strategy to resources and political objectives rather than to treat submarine warfare as an uncomplicated formula for victory. The final caveat remains important: Britain would also have adapted to a different German naval posture.