How the treaty left powers weaker and less secure

Japan did not feel secure and many Japanese officers believed politicians had sacrificed national interests. Britain faced a choice between imperial commitments and European posture, while American shipbuilding infrastructure withered after construction stopped. France was less constrained because it did not approach its ceiling, illustrating the treaty's uneven practical effects. The intended logic - fewer weapons mean less war - therefore produced anger, industrial weakness, and vulnerability rather than a stable security bargain.