British, American, and Japanese carrier forces developed similar ideas for attacking fleets in harbour. Ships in port were attractive targets because crews tended to relax in a place regarded as safe. A harbour also gave aircrews a fixed geographical destination for a long-range flight. Those shared advantages help explain why several navies could develop similar strike doctrines independently.
Chapter · 17:10-19:24
Why carrier navies converged on attacks against ships in harbour
Low readiness in port and a fixed navigation point made fleets in harbour attractive targets for several carrier navies.