The sultan called on Muhammad Ali of Egypt when Ottoman forces could not finish the revolt. Ibrahim Pasha landed in the Peloponnese in 1825 with one of the empire's best-trained armies and recovered most of the peninsula. The fall of Missolonghi and Athens made Greek defeat appear close, encouraging Russia to intervene when its leverage would be greatest. Reports that the Ottoman-Egyptian fleet intended to strike Hydra then drew the British, French, and Russian squadrons into a week-long standoff at Navarino.
Chapter · 41:18-43:30
Ibrahim Pasha's intervention nearly crushed the revolution
Muhammad Ali's well-trained Egyptian army reconquered much of the Peloponnese, and the threatened attack on Hydra helped bring the European fleets to Navarino.