German refugees strengthened Allied science and shipbuilding

Which refugee communities had the greatest wartime impact against their countries of origin, apart from the Manhattan Project?

German scientists, engineers, and shipbuilders made major contributions to Allied research and American wartime ship production.

German refugee physicists and engineers contributed to radar and other Allied wartime projects beyond the Manhattan Project. German shipbuilders who moved to the United States also helped expand American yard capacity. Their work is connected to the production of ships for convoys heading to Britain.