The familiar 5:5:3 formula applied to Britain, the United States, and Japan, but it did not describe every category or signatory. France and Italy began near 1.75 in the original comparison, settled around 1.66 for capital ships, and received roughly 2.2 for carriers. The figures differ because capital ships and aircraft carriers were the only categories governed by these ratios. Cruisers and smaller vessels were outside the same allocation, so the headline ratio alone cannot reconstruct treaty strength.
Notable Point · 8:00-8:41
Why France and Italy received different capital-ship and carrier ratios
France and Italy received smaller capital-ship shares but larger carrier shares, showing that the familiar 5:5:3 formula did not govern every treaty category identically.