What changes if Lord Nelson and Dreadnought begin with 14-inch guns?
Short answerThe arms race escalates earlier, ships become larger and costlier, and viable battlecruisers may be delayed until higher-power machinery appears.
NotesPutting 14-inch guns into Lord Nelson and Dreadnought forces Germany to answer a standard that its 11-inch weapons cannot plausibly equal. The larger hull may also make 24 knots practical, raising protection, machinery, and infrastructure costs at the same time. The first construction wave may survive because navies were already ordering their minimum required ships, but later generations would become fewer or more conservative. Smaller buyers could preserve a market for second-class dreadnoughts rather than meet the leading standard. A 24-knot battleship also makes the original Invincible concept too slow, potentially postponing battlecruisers until machinery can support a genuine 27- or 28-knot capital ship. Successive British caliber increases could push Germany out of the naval race earlier and leave 17- or 18-inch weapons under discussion before the First World War.