What foreign designs would make a plausible replacement late-Cold-War Royal Navy at similar cost?
Short answerWesternized Kiev carriers, Burke destroyers, and American submarine designs offer the most useful mix without imposing American supercarrier crew requirements.
NotesA westernized Kiev is proposed as a larger replacement for an Invincible without imposing the Royal Navy crewing burden of an American supercarrier. The preferred version follows Baku or Admiral Gorshkov, with British gas turbines replacing the steam machinery and Western communications and radar equipment fitted. An estimated air group of twelve Sea Harriers and twelve Sea Kings would improve on the Invincible complement used in the comparison. Arleigh Burke-class destroyers are preferred as escorts, with a speculative proposal to make a minority nuclear powered for fast carrier groups. Kuznetsov is another possible British carrier after substantial machinery changes. For submarines, the simplest arrangement is for Britain to build American designs and the United States to build British ones. Soviet alternatives prompt reservations about reactor arrangements and noise, without resolving those concerns in detail.