How close can a 15-inch shell land without hitting and still be dangerous?
Short answerClose is dangerous for a destroyer, disturbing for a cruiser, and usually survivable for a battleship.
NotesThe effect of a near miss depends on the target's size and structural margin. A destroyer can suffer serious blast and underwater-shock damage from a 15-inch shell landing close alongside. A cruiser is more resilient but still faces a severe shock event that can damage equipment and personnel. A battleship has enough mass, subdivision, and protection to continue unless the shell actually strikes or the near miss causes an unusually damaging underwater effect.