Q&A ยท 2:06:48-2:07:21

How 22-knot Liberty ships change the convoy war

Fast merchant convoys sharply reduce U-boat firing opportunities but demand an enormous increase in turbine production.

Question

What if Liberty ships were larger and capable of at least 22 knots without greatly reducing numbers?

Short answer

The U-boat campaign would become far harder, but only if American industry massively expanded turbine production.

Notes

At roughly 22 knots, a convoy could pass a submarine's attack position after only one or two shots. Higher sustained speed also compresses the time available for a U-boat to reposition for another attack. This would transform the tactical problem for submarines. It would also shift the American production bottleneck from merchant hull assembly to machinery, because triple-expansion engines could not deliver the required speed and turbine output would have to expand enormously.