Could España have used superfiring turrets?

Could the España class have been built with superfiring turrets?

Yes, probably, with a modest increase in beam and possibly length.

The compact Spanish hull did not make superfiring turrets impossible. The design probably needed only modest additional beam and length. That change could have removed the cross-deck wing-turret arrangement while preserving heavy end-on fire. The existing layout was a chosen compromise rather than a hard technical limit.