The case for controlled naval alcohol rations

Did beer and rum rations make sailors alcoholic?

Clarke rejects the proposed connection, arguing that the controlled ration was too small to create dependence by itself.

The defence of beer and rum rations begins with their controlled quantity. Clarke's view is that the issued amount was too small to create dependence by itself. Calories and morale are offered as benefits, alongside the difficulty of keeping stored drinking water wholesome. Heavy drinking that displaces food is associated with malnutrition.