Club runs ferried fighters aboard carriers to a launch point within range of Malta. Operation Hurry delivered all twelve of its Hurricanes, while eight of Operation White's twelve aircraft ran out of fuel and were lost. Hurry's support chain included submarines carrying spare parts, and the ferry pilots stayed to fly Malta's new fighters. The Royal Navy began these movements within weeks of Italy entering the war in June 1940. Malta's defence depended on repeated aircraft and supply movements rather than a single dramatic delivery.
Chapter · 20:28-24:38
Club runs and early Malta air supply
Carrier club runs and submarine deliveries kept Malta supplied with fighters and spare parts soon after Italy entered the war.