How would a 1933 mutual defense pact between Sweden, Norway, and Finland affect the Winter War and the Norwegian campaign?
Short answerThe pact would probably produce a wider and better-prepared regional alliance, making Finland less isolated and German operations against Norway and Denmark much harder.
NotesA 1933 pact between Sweden, Norway, and Finland would probably draw in Denmark and the Baltic states, with Poland as another possible partner. Nordic troops and aircraft could rotate through the Winter War, leaving Norway and Sweden with more veterans and Finland less isolated. Greater funding and mobilization would strengthen regional readiness and air defence, with expanded Bofors production and purchases of Hurricanes, P-40s, and P-36 Hawks among the possibilities. Denmark would be much less vulnerable to the rapid occupation it suffered historically. A German invasion of Norway would face an alliance already preparing for war, and the prospect of bringing Sweden and Finland into the fighting could even deter it.