Canadian sailors in combined operations at Dieppe

Canadian officers and ratings joined the Combined Operations organization that developed the specialized techniques needed for large amphibious landings. In 1942 they helped form landing-craft flotillas in Britain, and Canadian sailors then took part in Operation Jubilee at Dieppe. A participant's letter records destroyer gunfire, German machine guns, low aircraft attacks, and bombs bursting beside exposed landing craft. The eyewitness detail connects later amphibious doctrine with the severe human and tactical cost of learning under fire.