A vessel large enough to launch and recover aircraft would need deep water and would sacrifice manoeuvrability. Every recovery creates another period of exposure on the surface. If caught underwater, its size would also limit its ability to manoeuvre or escape. A surface carrier is easier to escort and defend against air attack. Distance and manoeuvre help make ships harder to find, but an oversized submarine carrier struggles to combine those protections with flight operations.
Notable Point · 1:45:01-1:46:13
The recovery problem for a submarine carrier
Launching and recovering aircraft would force a large submarine to surface repeatedly, while its size would restrict manoeuvrability and complicate escort.