Space convoys as naval escort geometry

How would convoy warfare work in a hard science-fiction space scenario?

Convoy logic depends on travel physics, but useful analogies include armed merchantmen, layered escorts, larger command ships, and reaction forces near predictable trade routes.

Whether a space convoy makes sense depends on how ships travel and how an enemy can intercept them. A hypothetical group of thirty to forty merchants could need at least two larger escort vessels, backed by many smaller warships. One large ship could take over command if the other were damaged. Placing them on opposite sides of the formation, forward to port and aft to starboard, would spread their coverage while smaller escorts patrolled above and below. This resembles defending a bomber stream because threats can arrive from several directions. The panel disagrees about how readily convoys fit hard science fiction without faster-than-light travel. Patrols along safe transit lanes, dispersed shipping, or escorts between jump points each depend on different fictional travel rules.