The panel contrasts a direct raid with covert methods associated in the discussion with British and French practice. It describes arming local dissidents, waiting for a request for support, and then intervening on terms that appeared less openly imposed. Belgian or Swedish weapons are mentioned as a way for British suppliers to obscure their involvement. Clarke also credits a British human-intelligence network created in World War I with continuing to report German naval movements and shipyard activity in World War II. The country examples remain informal illustrations of the panel's interpretation, rather than a documented account of every intervention.
Notable Point · 1:12:01-1:14:44
Covert intervention and deniable arms supply
The panel describes foreign weapons and local intermediaries as ways outside powers could conceal their role in an intervention.