What changes if Scharnhorst replaces Admiral Graf Spee in September 1939 while the initial British force remains the same?
Short answerScharnhorst could keep the cruisers at range and escape more readily, but Britain would bring a heavier carrier-and-capital-ship hunting force against her.
NotesScharnhorst would still have difficulty dividing fire among several cruisers, but her speed and long-range fighting options improve her immediate position. She might reach Buenos Aires or attempt a breakout with less damage than Graf Spee. Her greater threat would also move Ark Royal and a British capital ship closer to the South Atlantic instead of leaving the initial cruiser force unsupported. If Scharnhorst sought refuge, the panel argues that detailed Royal Navy harbor surveys made a Taranto-style carrier attack against her a plausible next step.