A five-ship battlecruiser allowance would preserve more fast capital ships but create difficult tonnage arithmetic for Hood, Tiger, the Kongos, and the Lexingtons.
Seven attack submarines are described as a bare minimum, while an overlapping two-class cycle would sustain ten to fourteen boats and balance mature crews against newer technology.
Even pristine First World War ships would impose crewing, fuel, ammunition, and modernization burdens while provoking faster British capital-ship construction.
A faster Nelson-class response might draw on F3 propulsion work, but an Italian fast-battleship program large enough to force the change would also reshape the 1930 treaty settlement.
Japan might persist with a 20-inch gun if rival navies already fielded 18-inch weapons, despite the severe manufacturing problems of moving beyond Yamato's armament.
British industry appears to have tested a 20-inch weapon and perhaps larger experimental pieces, but it did not establish reliable production and the surviving record is fragmentary.
Even if early American entry prevents France and Norway from falling, the Soviet Union cannot remain neutral indefinitely because Germany and the USSR still view each other as existential threats.
Even in retirement, Admiral Geoffrey Hornby's experience and authority made him the strongest choice to lead a major Royal Navy war in the early 1890s.
A German 13-inch battleship would not reduce French requirements because France still had to build ships capable of fighting Italy's 15-inch Littorio class.
Permanent loss of the Pearl Harbor battle line removes bombardment ships and strengthens the case for all six Iowas, the five Montanas, and perhaps a British Lion alongside Vanguard.
Ships could attack land targets as soon as they carried heavy projectile weapons, with Roman ballistae and catapults at Syracuse providing an ancient example.
A division-sized modern formation appearing in 1941 Togo could move by rail and sea to North Africa and overwhelm Axis forces through a vast technology and firepower gap.
The 18-inch Admiral-class studies were too large a technical and political step for wartime construction and did not suit the commerce-warfare battlecruiser role.
The Hunt-class mistake was unusually damaging, but responsibility extended beyond Director of Naval Construction Stanley Goodall to several senior reviewers who approved a young team's calculations.
Ice surfacing is carefully planned and publicized because it risks damaging a submarine while demonstrating that a navy can operate and potentially launch weapons beneath the polar ice.
The unknown first vessel to sail beyond sight of land and Titanic's traceable effect on safety law represent two different meanings of historical influence.
Britain could have matched destroyer orders with treaty-exempt sloops and entered the war with roughly 200 modern escorts instead of relying so heavily on emergency construction.
German propulsion plants could perform well, but weak standardization made each installation dependent on crew knowledge that manuals could not capture.
Tillman lacked naval-design expertise, but a giant carrier program could still serve his political goal by creating demand for cruisers built at Charleston Navy Yard.
The pact created a temporary peace in which both dictators armed rapidly and expected to decide when to attack, with Germany initially ahead in readiness.
A heavy Dahlgren offers the best American chance, but Warrior's iron-and-timber protection, equivalent British weapons, and speed keep the matchup strongly in her favor.
The unusual four-quadrant propeller arrangement was rejected primarily because of noise and shrouding problems; sensitive technical detail is withheld.
HMS Swiftsure is often credited, but several British ships were firing into L'Orient and attribution depends on whether credit goes to the last hit or the shot that began the fatal fire.
North Carolina is treated as the earliest plausible contender, while South Dakota and especially Iowa gain stronger odds through fire control, rate of fire, and speed.