How Britain coordinated army and navy

Were the Royal Navy and British Army hostile to one another in this period, and how were they coordinated?

They could disagree, but their rivalry was usually less destructive than that of Imperial Japan's services. Ministerial direction and the Crown coordinated them, while the navy benefited from a permanent establishment and ties to professional army branches.

British interservice disagreements never reached the open hostility associated with the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy. The sharpest dispute came before World War I, during an unusually severe strategic discontinuity. Later Cold War underfunding and political focus on the Central Front helped create the impression that the services were constantly at odds. During the period covered by the game, most wars passed through one ministerial office, usually the Northern Secretary, although the Admiralty remained separate. Ministers served the Crown, so a royal order could settle disputes, even though combined command and control remained difficult. The navy's permanent peacetime establishment and funding gave it an institutional advantage over an army that expanded and contracted with wartime demand. Close relations with the Ordnance Board and Royal Engineers also connected the navy to the army branches whose officers did not purchase commissions.