If technology gave everyone American industrial advantages, would Britain's existing industrial position become unassailable?
Short answerLargely yes, because it combines the era's two strongest industrial bases, though their resources, geography, commitments, and stages of development were different.
NotesThe hypothetical is interpreted as combining the industrial and technological advantages of the two leading powers of the period. American resources could reach factories through a continental railway and canal network, while Britain obtained much of its material through a dispersed empire. There is disagreement over when those American advantages became a decisive lead. One view emphasizes consolidation between about 1890 and 1920, while another distinguishes that groundwork from the industrial gains of the following decades. Raw output of steel, coal, iron, and manufactured goods also produces a different comparison from GDP or GDP per person. A claim that Britain and its empire had little remaining room for growth is challenged with Canadian, Australian, and South African expansion, British industrial recapitalization, and the difficulty of converting wartime factories. Britain's worldwide commitments imposed costs that the United States did not carry on the same scale.