Why was Bismarck's citadel about 70 percent of its length when many Second World War citadels were shorter?
Short answerBecause Bismarck used distributed armor rather than all-or-nothing protection, extending the armored portion of the hull.
NotesThe German design did not follow a true all-or-nothing armor scheme, so more of the hull needed protection. It also presents an unverified anecdote about industrial and political preferences behind the choice, carefully distinguishing that recollection from a formal source.