ASW weapons and institutional learning

Britain carried First World War experience with convoys and escorts into the next Atlantic campaign. Under Jellicoe, the Royal Navy had already learned the value of convoy protection, and it expanded escort numbers as the Second World War campaign developed. ASDIC encouraged some overconfidence, but the navy did not treat submarine defense as a solved problem. Work continued on anti-submarine mortars, ahead-firing weapons, depth-charge throwers, and wider explosive patterns. ASW depended on doctrine, detection, weapons development, and enough escorts to apply them.