Could ABDA have come out on top in the Battle of the Java Sea?
Short answerOnly through a rapid surprise attack at dawn or dusk that disrupted Japanese rangefinding; otherwise the Japanese force held overwhelming superiority.
NotesABDA cannot win by trading fire on normal terms against the stronger Japanese force. It has a narrow tactical chance if it closes quickly at dawn or dusk, catches the enemy unaware, and uses poor light to interfere with Japanese rangefinding. Even then, success would be an achievement against the balance of forces rather than an expected result. Adding Prince of Wales and Repulse would create a very different contest.