Are TIE fighters like battleship flying-off aircraft?

Are an Imperial Star Destroyer's fighters comparable to aircraft carried on First World War battleship flying-off platforms?

Broadly yes: the comparison concerns limited self-defense and reconnaissance duties.

The comparison treats TIE fighters as auxiliaries with limited duties around a heavily armed parent ship. First World War battleships carrying aircraft on flying-off platforms provide the analogy. Self-defense and reconnaissance do not make those aircraft the ship's primary means of combat.