Related time notesBattle of Hakodate(1869)4 May 202331:04Unequal treaties and Japan's strategic insecurityNotable PointBattle of Hakodate(1869)4 May 202350:08Did Richardson understand the Namamugi warnings?Q&ABattle of Hakodate(1869)4 May 202351:20How the Namamugi incident became an ultimatumNotable Point