How does World War II develop without Lend-Lease and without direct US intervention?
Short answerBritish and Commonwealth resources are judged sufficient to sustain the war, with a longer buildup for returning to Europe and a less dominant US military and political position afterward.
NotesThe scenario assumes that American non-intervention also means no Japanese war in the Far East. That allows Britain to keep the sterling area functioning, supporting sterling against the dollar and making borrowing less costly. Escort construction in British, Canadian, and Australian yards is expected to sustain the Atlantic effort without US participation. A return to Europe would require a longer British buildup, more supplies, and the Indian Army to provide the necessary numbers of troops. The war is expected to last longer, while an independent British nuclear programme remains part of the scenario. Britain would also avoid the economic disruption attributed to the abrupt end of Lend-Lease after the historical war. The United States could retain economic dominance, but its smaller military buildup and absence from the fighting would weaken its military, political, and moral position. US-Soviet rivalry could still emerge, with other countries viewing both powers differently.