What if Wilhelm II became British monarch at the height of the Anglo-German naval race?
Short answerIf the personal union produces a common strategy, the German naval buildup loses its purpose and the two empires could concentrate on complementary land and sea forces.
NotesUnder the scenario's assumption that a personal union aligns British and German strategy, the German fleet loses its main justification. Tirpitz would struggle to fund a second navy when Wilhelm could rely on the Royal Navy, allowing Germany to concentrate on its army. The combined land and sea forces would change the balance facing France and Russia. Alex Clarke expects that military weight to make colonial separation harder, while another participant questions whether the colonies would accept the arrangement. The discussion also speculates that British- and German-descended constituencies in the United States would exert more aligned political pressure. These effects depend on cooperation following from the shared monarch, which the scenario assumes.