If full commanders led sloops, how did lieutenant-commanders gain command experience?
Short answerThey commanded destroyers, cutters, other small craft, and sometimes less diplomatically demanding sloops.
NotesDestroyer flotillas offered junior captains command experience with senior officers nearby. Cutters and smaller vessels provided other opportunities, while home-water sloops could also go to lieutenant-commanders. The more senior rank commonly seen on distant sloops reflected the diplomatic weight and isolation of their assignments.