First World War turbines and fuzes reveal asymmetric dependence

Much of Germany's turbine-powered High Seas Fleet relied on British Parsons machinery and then lacked the replacement parts needed for sustained wartime use. Britain entered the same conflict dependent on German shell fuzes, but developed a domestic substitute after trade stopped. That replacement contributed to shell-performance problems at Jutland before later Greenboy ammunition improved the result. The paired examples show that prewar industrial interdependence can become leverage or liability, and that a merely functional domestic substitute may still be strategically preferable to no supply at all.