How warships kept crews warm in cold weather

How did sailors keep warm aboard warships on cold and snowy nights?

They relied on layered clothing and shipboard heaters, while machinery and boiler waste heat warmed much of the hull.

Crews first relied on clothing layers and whatever electric or other heaters a particular ship and era provided. Boilers, engines, and steam systems also generated large amounts of waste heat that spread through the hull. That same thermal environment explains why magazines had to be separated from machinery spaces, since temperature changes affected propellant and shell performance. Crew comfort, energy efficiency, compartment arrangement, and ammunition safety all depended on managing the ship's heat.