Parma's troops had extensive combat experience in the Netherlands. English formations nevertheless included veterans among their officers and non-commissioned officers, so mobilization did not begin without trained cadres. Defending their own homes provided another source of cohesion. London's livery companies also had reason to fear forced loans to a Spanish king who might default on those debts. Religious views within England were not uniform, but many people could still oppose the restoration of Mary's settlement through foreign rule. The resulting defence rested on experience, local interest, and political motivation rather than enthusiasm for Elizabeth alone.
Notable Point · 38:05-39:09
Veteran cadres and political motivation reinforce English defence
Combat veterans supplied trained-band leadership, while defence of homes, finances, and political autonomy gave English formations reasons to resist Parma's experienced army.