Mediterranean galleys met Atlantic shipbuilding

Venice supplied galley design ideas and weapons knowledge to the Mamluk effort, tying commercial rivalry to technology transfer. These were capable vessels from a still-developing Mediterranean galley tradition, not obsolete relics. Portugal's naus were heavier ocean-going carracks built to survive repeated Atlantic and Indian voyages. The Flor do Mar illustrates the type: an imperfect cargo carrier but a durable flagship and warship of roughly the scale needed for the India run. A full-size reconstruction at the Maritime Museum of Malacca gives viewers a physical reference for the ship type.