Comparing American, Italian, and Japanese naval failures

Which navy is most disappointing: the prewar US Navy, Italy with its shell problems, or Japan with overloaded ships?

The American government is the most disappointing because the United States had the best starting position to avoid its problems.

Defective shells, overloaded ships, and uneven procurement are treated as distinct failures. Italy was stretching limited infrastructure under a difficult government, while Japan had placed itself in an almost impossible strategic position. The United States had greater resources but still suffered from congressional interference and avoidable choices. The American political system is the greatest disappointment in this comparison, while each navy still has a different explanation for its results.