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The disputed title and British record of Legio XX

The Twentieth Legion's later record tests rival explanations for its Valeria Victrix title before following its campaigns, inscriptions, and withdrawal from Britain.

Notes

The reading tests competing explanations for the Valeria Victrix title and notes that surviving evidence does not securely connect it to either Boudica's defeat or Mons Graupius. Germanicus's praise for the legion after the Pannonian War makes that earlier service a stronger possibility. The unit then campaigned across Roman Britain and was disciplined by Agricola after the civil war of 68-69. An ordinary soldier's IOU and an officer's altar reveal the documentary life of a permanent garrison beyond its battle honours. The legion's withdrawal before the end of the fourth century closes a record that joins imperial warfare to everyday military service.