Turner's intelligence bottleneck before Pearl Harbor

In this account, Richmond Turner controlled the flow of naval intelligence before Pearl Harbor and stopped independent data and briefings from reaching the Pacific command. Turner judged that Pearl Harbor might be the target but sent only his preferred assessment that the Philippines would be attacked. A warning could have prompted commanders to move the battleships out of a harbour where they could neither manoeuvre nor fire freely. They might also have sent the fleet southeast toward the returning carriers rather than leaving it concentrated at anchor. Collecting intelligence achieves little when a gatekeeper prevents uncertainty from reaching the commanders who must act on it.