The strategic theory was that German surface ships would force Britain to escort convoys, keep warships at sea, and wear down ships and crews even when no battle occurred. That pressure depended on British commanders believing the raiders might accept combat when an opportunity appeared. Hitler's order to avoid forces of equal or greater strength undermined the threat by making German commanders preserve their ships instead of exploiting uncertain opportunities. Fear of loss could therefore neutralize an expensive fleet and become a strategic mistake in its own right.
Notable Point · 32:40-35:24
Surface raiders could not deter trade while avoiding battle
Germany wanted major warships to strain British convoy protection, yet ordered them to avoid equal or stronger forces and feared losing the very ships meant to create that threat.