How different would the Soviet Navy look if the August Coup had succeeded?
Short answerThe economic collapse was already too advanced to preserve the fleet, and a hardline victory might have made the eventual breakup more violent and destructive.
NotesA hardline victory in August 1991 is judged unlikely to repair the Soviet Union's already severe economic and political problems. Continuing the existing system could exhaust its remaining resources and make the eventual collapse more destructive. Nuclear coercion to preserve territorial integrity is raised as a possibility, with little confidence that it would succeed. The counterfactual could end with Russia itself fragmenting as well as the wider Soviet Union. A panellist also describes part of the Black Sea Fleet siding with Ukraine after its declaration of independence, illustrating divided naval loyalties. The fleet would therefore face continued resource shortages and the risk of a more violent breakup.