How much more capable would the Russian carrier be if the Su-33 had an F/A-18-like payload?
Short answerThe aircraft would improve, but Kuznetsov's availability, logistics, airborne early warning, and battle-group limitations would remain decisive.
NotesA more mature Su-33 with F/A-18-like payload would make individual sorties more useful. Russia would still have one carrier carrying both operational and training burdens, without a strong carrier-on-board-delivery system, fixed-wing airborne early warning, or a mature battle-group routine. The result is a moderately better carrier available only intermittently rather than a transformation of Russian naval aviation.