Staff training behind joint amphibious operations

A ship or submarine forms an intense professional community with a clear purpose, known roles, and demanding technical routines. That environment can narrow an officer's experience of how larger institutions and other services operate. Clapp himself found that Fleet Air Arm specialization made later ship command less immediately familiar. Clarke argues that the Navy compounded the problem by training staff officers and then sending them away from staff work, while sometimes placing untrained officers into headquarters appointments. Joint staff education eventually offered a more regular way to bridge those gaps. In the Falklands, Clapp benefited from Jeremy Larkin's ability to think across service boundaries and find the 'purple' combinations that made naval, land, and air elements work together.