Did the Ottoman-Venetian struggle centre on spice routes, and did the Portuguese then take over the trade?
Short answerThe spice trade was central, but the Portuguese captured only a major share rather than the whole system. Dutch and English expansion widened the shift in long-distance commerce.
NotesReaching India allowed Portuguese merchants to capture a substantial share of the spice trade. Dutch merchants pushed farther into Southeast Asia and Japan, and the English East India Company added another long-distance competitor. Ottoman and Venetian commerce faced a widening field of oceanic rivals. No single European power took over the entire commercial system described here.